Atlas of Recognition | Startup States Society

Startup States Society · Geneva · companion to Recognition at the Margins · data to 10 October 2026

Atlas of Recognition

Which members of the United Nations recognise, or once recognised, the entities outside it. Choose an entity in the ledger to colour the map; choose any country to read its full record; move the year to watch recognition gained and lost.

193members
25entities
13ended

2026
Recognises, or holds relationsRecognised before; withdrawn, frozen or endedRecognised an entity that no longer existsEvidence in doubt◆ dashed: entity that no longer exists

What the atlas shows

The atlas covers every entity outside full membership of the United Nations that has received recognition, or diplomatic relations, from at least one member: the eight entities of the core register, the four persons that hold standing without membership, and thirteen entities that no longer exist. Status at the cut-off date follows the codes of the dataset: recognition documented and in force; withdrawn; frozen or suspended; evidence in doubt; or none. Only the first counts as current recognition.

Small states appear as dots; use the zoom buttons or drag the map to reach them. Dependent territories take the shading of the state responsible for them. Boundaries are from Natural Earth and imply no position on any boundary or status.

Questions

Which countries recognise Palestine?
At 10 October 2026, 154 members of the United Nations recognised State of Palestine; the evidence for 3 more is in doubt.
Which countries recognise Kosovo?
At 10 October 2026, 96 members of the United Nations recognised Republic of Kosovo; 2 had withdrawn, frozen or suspended recognition; the evidence for 22 more is in doubt.
Which countries recognise Sahrawi Republic?
At 10 October 2026, 36 members of the United Nations recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; 46 had withdrawn, frozen or suspended recognition; the evidence for 2 more is in doubt.
Which countries recognise Taiwan (the Republic of China)?
At 10 October 2026, 11 members of the United Nations recognised Republic of China (Taiwan) (formal diplomatic relations with Taipei).
Which countries recognise Abkhazia?
At 10 October 2026, 4 members of the United Nations recognised Abkhazia; 3 had withdrawn, frozen or suspended recognition.
Which countries recognise South Ossetia?
At 10 October 2026, 4 members of the United Nations recognised South Ossetia; 2 had withdrawn, frozen or suspended recognition.
Which countries recognise Somaliland?
At 10 October 2026, 1 members of the United Nations recognised Republic of Somaliland.
Which countries recognise Northern Cyprus?
At 10 October 2026, 1 members of the United Nations recognised Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
How many countries have diplomatic relations with the Holy See (with the Vatican City State)?
181 members of the United Nations, according to the dataset at 10 October 2026.
How many countries have diplomatic relations with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta?
121 members of the United Nations, according to the dataset at 10 October 2026.
Which countries have diplomatic relations with Cook Islands?
65 members of the United Nations, according to the dataset at 10 October 2026.
Which countries have diplomatic relations with Niue?
29 members of the United Nations, according to the dataset at 10 October 2026.
The register in plain text

State of Palestine

Recognised by 154 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Iran (4 February 1988); Algeria (15 November 1988); Bahrain (15 November 1988); Indonesia (15 November 1988); Iraq (15 November 1988); Kuwait (15 November 1988); Libya (15 November 1988); Malaysia (15 November 1988); Mauritania (15 November 1988); Morocco (15 November 1988); Somalia (15 November 1988); Tunisia (15 November 1988); Türkiye (15 November 1988); Yemen (15 November 1988); Afghanistan (16 November 1988); Bangladesh (16 November 1988); Cuba (16 November 1988); Jordan (16 November 1988); Madagascar (16 November 1988); Malta (16 November 1988); Nicaragua (16 November 1988); Pakistan (16 November 1988); Qatar (16 November 1988); Saudi Arabia (16 November 1988); Serbia (16 November 1988); United Arab Emirates (16 November 1988); Zambia (16 November 1988); Albania (17 November 1988); Brunei (17 November 1988); Djibouti (17 November 1988); Mauritius (17 November 1988); Sudan (17 November 1988); Cyprus (18 November 1988); Egypt (18 November 1988); Gambia (18 November 1988); India (18 November 1988); Nigeria (18 November 1988); Seychelles (18 November 1988); Slovakia (18 November 1988); Sri Lanka (18 November 1988); Belarus (19 November 1988); Namibia (19 November 1988); Russia (19 November 1988); Ukraine (19 November 1988); Viet Nam (19 November 1988); China (20 November 1988); Burkina Faso (21 November 1988); Cambodia (21 November 1988); Comoros (21 November 1988); Guinea (21 November 1988); Guinea-Bissau (21 November 1988); Mali (21 November 1988); Mongolia (22 November 1988); Senegal (22 November 1988); Cabo Verde (24 November 1988); North Korea (24 November 1988); Niger (24 November 1988); Romania (24 November 1988); Tanzania (24 November 1988); Bulgaria (25 November 1988); Maldives (28 November 1988); Ghana (29 November 1988); Togo (29 November 1988); Zimbabwe (29 November 1988); Chad (1 December 1988); Laos (2 December 1988); Sierra Leone (3 December 1988); Uganda (3 December 1988); Congo (Republic of the) (5 December 1988); Angola (6 December 1988); Mozambique (8 December 1988); São Tomé and Príncipe (10 December 1988); Gabon (12 December 1988); Oman (13 December 1988); Poland (14 December 1988); Democratic Republic of the Congo (18 December 1988); Botswana (19 December 1988); Nepal (19 December 1988); Burundi (22 December 1988); Central African Republic (23 December 1988); Bhutan (25 December 1988); Rwanda (2 January 1989); Ethiopia (4 February 1989); Equatorial Guinea (May 1989); Benin (12 May 1989); Kenya (12 May 1989); Vanuatu (21 August 1989); Philippines (4 September 1989); Eswatini (1 July 1991); Kazakhstan (6 April 1992); Azerbaijan (15 April 1992); Turkmenistan (17 April 1992); Georgia (25 April 1992); Bosnia and Herzegovina (27 May 1992); Tajikistan (2 April 1994); Uzbekistan (25 September 1994); South Africa (15 February 1995); Kyrgyzstan (November 1995); Malawi (23 October 1998); Timor-Leste (1 March 2004); Paraguay (2005); Montenegro (24 July 2006); Costa Rica (5 February 2008); Lebanon (30 November 2008); Côte d'Ivoire (1 December 2008); Venezuela (27 April 2009); Dominican Republic (15 July 2009); Brazil (3 December 2010); Argentina (6 December 2010); Bolivia (17 December 2010); Ecuador (27 December 2010); Chile (7 January 2011); Guyana (13 January 2011); Peru (24 January 2011); Suriname (26 January 2011); Uruguay (16 March 2011); Lesotho (3 May 2011); South Sudan (14 July 2011); Syria (18 July 2011); Liberia (19 July 2011); El Salvador (25 August 2011); Honduras (26 August 2011); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (29 August 2011); Belize (9 September 2011); Dominica (19 September 2011); Antigua and Barbuda (22 September 2011); Grenada (25 September 2011); Iceland (15 December 2011); Thailand (18 January 2012); Guatemala (8 April 2013); Haiti (September 2013); Sweden (30 October 2014); Saint Lucia (14 September 2015); Colombia (3 August 2018); Saint Kitts and Nevis (29 July 2019); Mexico (2 June 2023); Barbados (19 April 2024); Jamaica (22 April 2024); Trinidad and Tobago (2 May 2024); Bahamas (7 May 2024); Ireland (28 May 2024); Norway (28 May 2024); Spain (28 May 2024); Slovenia (4 June 2024); Armenia (21 June 2024); Australia (21 September 2025); Canada (21 September 2025); Portugal (21 September 2025); United Kingdom (21 September 2025); Andorra (22 September 2025); France (22 September 2025); Luxembourg (22 September 2025); Monaco (22 September 2025); San Marino (23 September 2025).

Evidence in doubt (3): Czechia, Hungary, Papua New Guinea.

Republic of Kosovo

Recognised by 96 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Costa Rica (17 February 2008); Afghanistan (18 February 2008); Albania (18 February 2008); France (18 February 2008); Senegal (18 February 2008); Türkiye (18 February 2008); United Kingdom (18 February 2008); United States (18 February 2008); Australia (19 February 2008); Germany (20 February 2008); Latvia (20 February 2008); Denmark (21 February 2008); Estonia (21 February 2008); Italy (21 February 2008); Luxembourg (21 February 2008); Peru (22 February 2008); Belgium (24 February 2008); Poland (26 February 2008); Switzerland (27 February 2008); Austria (28 February 2008); Ireland (29 February 2008); Netherlands (4 March 2008); Sweden (4 March 2008); Iceland (5 March 2008); Slovenia (5 March 2008); Finland (7 March 2008); Canada (18 March 2008); Japan (18 March 2008); Croatia (19 March 2008); Hungary (19 March 2008); Monaco (19 March 2008); Bulgaria (20 March 2008); Liechtenstein (25 March 2008); Norway (28 March 2008); South Korea (28 March 2008); Marshall Islands (17 April 2008); Lithuania (6 May 2008); San Marino (12 May 2008); Czechia (21 May 2008); Belize (August 2008); Colombia (4 August 2008); Malta (22 August 2008); Samoa (15 September 2008); Portugal (7 October 2008); Montenegro (9 October 2008); North Macedonia (9 October 2008); United Arab Emirates (14 October 2008); Malaysia (30 October 2008); Micronesia (5 December 2008); Panama (16 January 2009); Gambia (7 April 2009); Saudi Arabia (20 April 2009); Bahrain (19 May 2009); Jordan (7 July 2009); Dominican Republic (10 July 2009); New Zealand (9 November 2009); Malawi (14 December 2009); Mauritania (12 January 2010); Djibouti (8 May 2010); Honduras (3 September 2010); Kiribati (21 October 2010); Tuvalu (18 November 2010); Qatar (7 January 2011); Andorra (8 June 2011); Niger (15 August 2011); Benin (18 August 2011); Côte d'Ivoire (16 September 2011); Kuwait (11 October 2011); Haiti (10 February 2012); Brunei (25 April 2012); Chad (1 June 2012); Timor-Leste (20 September 2012); Fiji (19 November 2012); Saint Kitts and Nevis (28 November 2012); Pakistan (24 December 2012); Tanzania (29 May 2013); Yemen (11 June 2013); Guyana (13 June 2013); Egypt (26 June 2013); Thailand (24 September 2013); Tonga (20 January 2014); El Salvador (18 October 2014); Singapore (1 December 2016); Bangladesh (27 February 2017); Guinea-Bissau (2 February 2018); Barbados (15 February 2018); Liberia (June 2018); Lesotho (October 2018); Palau (17 January 2019); Israel (4 September 2020); Maldives (May 2023); Kenya (26 March 2025); Sudan (12 April 2025); Syria (29 October 2025); Bahamas (19 December 2025); Somalia (17 February 2026).

Former, frozen or suspended (2): Grenada, Togo.

Evidence in doubt (22): Antigua and Barbuda, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Dominica, Eswatini, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Libya, Madagascar, Naoero, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Saint Lucia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Vanuatu.

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Recognised by 36 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Algeria (6 March 1976); Angola (11 March 1976); Mozambique (13 March 1976); North Korea (16 March 1976); Rwanda (1 April 1976); Yemen (2 February 1977); Tanzania (9 November 1978); Ethiopia (24 February 1979); Viet Nam (2 March 1979); Laos (9 May 1979); Afghanistan (23 May 1979); Nicaragua (6 September 1979); Uganda (6 September 1979); Mexico (8 September 1979); Lesotho (9 October 1979); Cuba (20 January 1980); Iran (27 February 1980); Libya (15 April 1980); Syria (15 April 1980); Botswana (14 May 1980); Zimbabwe (3 July 1980); Chad (4 July 1980); Costa Rica (30 October 1980); Vanuatu (27 November 1980); Mauritius (1 July 1982); Venezuela (3 August 1982); Mauritania (27 February 1984); Nigeria (12 November 1984); Trinidad and Tobago (1 November 1986); Belize (18 November 1986); Albania (29 December 1987); Namibia (11 June 1990); Timor-Leste (20 May 2002); South Africa (15 September 2004); Uruguay (26 December 2005); South Sudan (10 July 2011).

Former, frozen or suspended (46): Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Benin, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Colombia, Congo (Republic of the), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Naoero, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Togo, Tuvalu.

Evidence in doubt (2): Seychelles, Zambia.

Republic of China (Taiwan)

Recognised by 11 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Guatemala (1933); Haiti (1956); Paraguay (1957); Eswatini (1968); Tuvalu (1979); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1981); Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983); Saint Lucia (1984); Belize (1989); Marshall Islands (1998); Palau (1999).

Abkhazia

Recognised by 4 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Russia (26 August 2008); Nicaragua (5 September 2008); Venezuela (10 September 2009); Syria (29 May 2018).

Former, frozen or suspended (3): Naoero, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.

South Ossetia

Recognised by 4 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Russia (26 August 2008); Nicaragua (5 September 2008); Venezuela (10 September 2009); Syria (29 May 2018).

Former, frozen or suspended (2): Naoero, Tuvalu.

Republic of Somaliland

Recognised by 1 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Israel (26 December 2025).

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Recognised by 1 members of the United Nations at 10 October 2026: Türkiye (15 November 1983).

Holy See (with the Vatican City State)

Non-member observer state at the United Nations since 1964. Diplomatic relations with 184 states at the beginning of 2026, 181 of them UN members. Diplomatic relations with 181 members: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Republic of the), Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Naoero, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, South Korea, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Tanzania, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Observer at the General Assembly since 1994; no territory. The Order lists diplomatic relations with 118 states (September 2026); the map shows the 117 UN members identified. Diplomatic relations with 121 members: Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Republic of the), Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Naoero, Nicaragua, Niger, North Macedonia, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Sudan, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Cook Islands

Self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1965. Diplomatic relations with 65 members: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Cuba, Czechia, Ecuador, Estonia, Fiji, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kiribati, Kuwait, Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Micronesia, Naoero, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, South Korea, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Türkiye, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, United States, Vanuatu, Viet Nam.

Niue

Self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974. Diplomatic relations with 29 members: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Cuba, Fiji, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Naoero, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, South Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, Türkiye, Tuvalu, United States.

Republic of Biafra (ceased to exist)

Surrendered 15 January 1970; recognitions lapsed. Recognised by: Côte d'Ivoire (14 May 1968); Gabon (8 May 1968); Haiti (22 March 1969); Tanzania (13 April 1968); Zambia (20 May 1968).

Republic of Transkei (ceased to exist)

Reincorporated into South Africa, 27 April 1994. Recognised by: South Africa (26 October 1976).

Republic of Bophuthatswana (ceased to exist)

Reincorporated into South Africa, 27 April 1994. Recognised by: South Africa (6 December 1977).

Republic of Venda (ceased to exist)

Reincorporated into South Africa, 27 April 1994. Recognised by: South Africa (13 September 1979).

Republic of Ciskei (ceased to exist)

Reincorporated into South Africa, 27 April 1994. Recognised by: South Africa (4 December 1981).

Donetsk People's Republic (ceased to exist)

Incorporated by Russia, 30 September 2022; the General Assembly called on states not to recognise. Recognised by: North Korea (13 July 2022); Russia (21 February 2022); Syria (29 June 2022).

Luhansk People's Republic (ceased to exist)

Incorporated by Russia, 30 September 2022. Recognised by: North Korea (13 July 2022); Russia (21 February 2022); Syria (29 June 2022).

Republic of Crimea (2014) (ceased to exist)

Treaty of accession with Russia, 18 March 2014. Recognised by: Russia (17 March 2014).

Kherson region (2022) (ceased to exist)

Incorporated by Russia the day after recognition. Recognised by: Russia (29 September 2022).

Zaporizhzhia region (2022) (ceased to exist)

Incorporated by Russia the day after recognition. Recognised by: Russia (29 September 2022).

Republic of Kosova (1991) (ceased to exist)

Superseded by the declaration of independence of 2008. Recognised by: Albania (21 October 1991).

State of Somaliland (1960) (ceased to exist)

United with Somalia, 1 July 1960. Recognised by: United Kingdom (26 June 1960).

All-Palestine Government (ceased to exist)

Offices closed in 1959. Recognised by: Egypt (October 1948); Iraq (October 1948); Lebanon (October 1948); Saudi Arabia (October 1948); Syria (October 1948).

Sources and scope

Data: the dataset published with Recognition at the Margins by Julien Andrew Starr (Startup States Society, Geneva), version 1.12, with acts of recognising states, documents of the United Nations, the record of the Centro de Estudos sobre o Sahara Occidental (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) for the Sahrawi Republic, and the register of switches between Taipei and Beijing. Not mapped: the German Democratic Republic before 1973, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Viet Nam and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic, whose recognitions have not yet been documented state by state; and the Joseon Cybernation, a non-territorial project, which the book treats separately. Relations with the Republic of China that ended before 1971, among them those of the United Kingdom (1950), France (1964) and Canada (1970), are shown on the time slider; for these the end year is the year in which the state recognised the government in Beijing, and the earlier states are shown on the map of their successors (the Soviet Union on Russia, Czechoslovakia on Czechia). The atlas describes the practice of states and takes no position on the status of any entity.

About this atlas

The atlas accompanies Recognition at the Margins: States with Limited Recognition, Diplomatic Reversal and the Practice of International Recognition, 1945–2026, by Julien Andrew Starr, Founding Director of the Startup States Society, Geneva. It records every documented act of recognition, withdrawal, freeze, resumption or switch by the 193 members of the United Nations towards the twenty-five entities covered, with dates from 1948 and a four-tier source ledger. The companion atlas, the Atlas of Unrecognised States, charts the broader landscape of attempted and contested self-governance.

Data and citations

Download the data as CSV, JSON or Excel (v 1.12). When citing the atlas, please use: Julien Andrew Starr, Atlas of Recognition (Startup States Society, Geneva 2026) <startupstates.swiss/recognition/>. Released under CC BY 4.0. Boundaries are from Natural Earth and imply no position on any boundary or status dispute.

Governments and other institutions with knowledge of a recognition act that is absent from the record, misdated or incorrectly coded are invited to correspond with the Society at @startup_states on X or at @startupstates on Telegram. Individual researchers with corrections or supporting sources are equally welcome. All correspondence is reviewed and, where the evidence meets the source-ledger threshold, incorporated into the next scheduled revision.