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Discover Startup States
New to the concept? Learn what a Startup State is, why they matter, and how new countries can be built lawfully through treaty, on dry land, by consent.
Visit HowToStartANewCountry.com ↗Startup States Society · Genève, Suisse
A Geneva-based institute advancing lawful, treaty-first new country formation under public international law.
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The Institute
The Startup States Society is a Geneva-based think tank and policy institute, constituted as a Verein under Swiss law, dedicated to the research, study, and promulgation of peaceful de novo statehood. We advance the proposition that new countries can be built with the rigour of a startup: through negotiated treaty, constitutional clarity, and mutual benefit between founders and host nations.
Our work exists at the intersection of international law, governance innovation, and diplomatic strategy. We provide legal frameworks, policy research, and strategic counsel to credible founders, investors, and host governments navigating the emerging field of new country formation.
Startup States do not undermine existing countries. They complement the international order, offering voluntary, opt-in alternatives grounded in consent, clarity, and competence.
Startup States are new, independent, self-governing countries intentionally built from first principles, channelling an entrepreneurial ethos in the design and deployment of modular governance, innovative technologies, and market-aligned systems.
Published Monograph — Second Edition
Julien Andrew Starr
Where Countries Are Built Like Startups, and Startups Become Countries
The foundational monograph of the Startup States movement: a comprehensive treatment of treaty-based country formation, jurisdictional design, and the legal, diplomatic, and economic architecture of de novo statehood in the twenty-first century. Grounded in the Montevideo Convention and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, it charts a lawful, peaceful path from founding concept to a recognised independent state through legal mechanisms that already exist under public international law.
Access & Download
↓ Download PDF — Second Edition (Open Access)Online edition courtesy of Boris Reitman, Anthemism.org.
Definition, Etymology & Overview
A formal treatment of the term, its etymology, expanded juridical definition, and organisational basis, drawn from the Society's canonical reference text.
Definition 1.0
Startup States
New, independent, self-governing countries intentionally built from first principles, channelling an entrepreneurial ethos in the design and deployment of modular governance, innovative technologies, and market-aligned systems: delivering legally grounded, deliberate, treaty-enabled statehood.
Epigram
Startups that are new countries, and new countries that are startups.
IPA /ˈstɑːtʌp steɪts/ · STAHR-tuhp stayts · sing. Startup State
Scholarship & Publications
Peer-reviewed scholarship, policy essays, and monographs advancing the legal and theoretical foundations of new country formation.
Peer-Reviewed · Journal of Special Jurisdictions
Journal of Special Jurisdictions, Vol. 4 (2024). Authored by John McCone, Advisor to the Startup States Society. The first peer-reviewed treatment of the Society’s conceptual framework.
Read Article ↗Policy Essay · International Affairs Forum
International Affairs Forum. Authored by Julien Andrew Starr, Founding Director. A substantive policy introduction to the Startup States concept for an international relations readership.
Read Essay ↗Monograph · Open Access
Julien Andrew Starr, 2026. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19115519 · ISBN: 978-1-291-75753-8. Available open access and in retail editions worldwide.
Read on Academia ↗Essay · Utopia in Beta
Isabelle Castro, Ambassador of the Society. A thoughtful exploration of the conditions under which radically better societies become imaginable.
Read Essay ↗Commentary · LinkedIn
Julien Starr, LinkedIn Pulse. Why full country formation surpasses city-level reform as a vehicle for lasting governance innovation.
Read Article ↗Policy Essay · LinkedIn
Julien Starr, LinkedIn Pulse. How sovereign states can convert underutilised land into high-value jurisdictional assets through strategic partnership.
Read Essay ↗Guest Essay · The Elysian
Julien Andrew Starr, The Elysian, June 2026. Part of the Post Nation essay series. Why the treaty-lease model is the gold-medal path to lawful de novo statehood.
Read Essay ↗Guest Essay · Free Cities Foundation
Julien Andrew Starr, Free Cities Foundation, June 2026. Drawing on Shenzhen, Próspera, and the Durrës Marina. Why equity participation determines whether governance projects endure.
Read Essay ↗Monograph · SSRN
Julien Andrew Starr, 2026. Social Science Research Network (SSRN), Abstract ID 7545179. Open-access scholarly working paper advancing the legal and theoretical foundations of lawful, treaty-first new country formation.
Read on SSRN ↗Press Release · EIN Presswire
EIN Presswire, 23 September 2026. The Geneva institute appoints the former DIFC Courts Registrar General and an RMIT University economist to advise on the lawful establishment of new countries.
Read Release ↗Press Release · National Law Review
EIN Presswire via National Law Review, 7 July 2026. Announcing the Society’s educational resource on peaceful, lawful new country formation.
Read Release ↗Video, Audio & Live
People
The Society draws on a carefully curated circle of founders, scholars, and practitioner-advisors with direct experience in governance innovation, jurisdictional design, blockchain economics, and new country formation.
Governance & fiduciary oversight
Founding Director
Startup States Society · Genève
Author of the foundational monographs Startup States and How to Build New Countries, and the intellectual architect of the Startup States movement. Originator of the Consensual Theory of Statehood. His work has been published in the Journal of Special Jurisdictions, the International Affairs Forum, The Elysian, and the Free Cities Foundation.
Subject-matter input & strategic counsel
Advisor
The Metis Institute
Professor Mark Beer OBE is a global adviser on international financial centres, governance and institutional reform, with more than 30 years’ experience advising governments, regulators and investors. He specialises in designing legal, regulatory and judicial frameworks that attract investment and support economic diversification. He is Chairman of The Metis Institute and was awarded an OBE by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for services to strengthening UK–UAE relations.
Advisor
Professor of Economics, RMIT University
Professor of Economics at RMIT University, Melbourne, and Co-Founder of the RMIT Blockchain Innovation Hub, the world’s first social-science research centre dedicated to the study of blockchain technology. Author of more than twelve books on regulation, economic freedom, civil liberties, and digital institutional design. A globally recognised authority on decentralised governance and institutional cryptoeconomics.
Advisor
New Nation Project
Creator of the New Nation Project and one of the field’s most active practitioner-advocates. Has engaged in live diplomatic talks with the government of Tuvalu regarding new country formation, demonstrating that the conversation with existing states can be had in earnest. One of the earliest proof-of-concept voices within the movement.
Advisor
johnmccone.com
Web3 community investor, researcher, philosopher, and writer with experience spanning governance frameworks, institutional design, and decentralised communities. Brings intellectual rigour to the Society’s advisory function, with particular interest in the philosophical and legal dimensions of new jurisdiction design and post-Westphalian political economy.
Advisor
ericmiki.com
Strategist and thinker at the frontier of distributed systems, decentralised governance, and emerging legal infrastructure. Contributes to the Society’s research on digital-native and algorithmically governed jurisdictions, and on the intersection of technology and institutional design in the context of new country formation.
Supporters & informal allies
Ambassador
Utopia in Beta
Writer and researcher working at the intersection of governance, technology, and social imagination. Author of the Utopia in Beta Substack, exploring emerging models of how people might live and organise together. Her essay “Beautiful and Possible” appears in the Society’s research library.
Ambassador
Freeth’m
An engaged supporter and informal ally of the Society’s mission, contributing to outreach and the broader community of those interested in governance innovation and new forms of political organisation. An enthusiastic early member of the Society’s network of aligned thinkers and collaborators.
Ambassador
Klikdiva · OriginTribe.network
Digital brand strategist, entrepreneur, and community architect working across digital media, Web3 infrastructure, and decentralised network design. Founder of Klikdiva, a digital creative studio, and co-founder of OriginTribe.network, a platform connecting aligned communities around shared identity and vision. An engaged supporter of the Society’s mission and an advocate for new models of governance and community-led institutional design.
This is a public, informational listing. It does not imply membership offerings, fundraising, or solicitation. Roles reflect organisational governance and advisory support only.
Institutional Registration & Transparency
Primary statutes and minutes in French (official originals), with English reference translation.
Membership: The Society is not currently in a period of active membership expansion. Enquiries are considered at the Society's sole discretion.
Legal constitution: The Startup States Society is constituted as a Verein (voluntary association) under the Swiss Civil Code (Articles 60–79, ZGB). As a non-commercial association, entry in the Swiss Commercial Registry is not presently required; the Society acquires legal personality directly through its founding statutes, pursuant to Article 60 CC. The UID number (CHE-418.101.559) is an administrative business identifier assigned by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and does not constitute Commercial Registry registration.
Frequently Asked Questions
The most important questions about Startup States, their legal foundations, and how to get involved.
Join the Conversation
Follow the Society on X for commentary, announcements, and dispatches from the frontier of jurisdictional design. Join our Telegram to engage with the broader community.
@startup_states · t.me/startupstates · startupstates.swiss